is Hashing and its Techniques?

WHAT

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Hashing is a process of generating a unique fixed-length code for a given input data using a hash function. It is used to store and retrieve data in a more efficient way.

What is Hashing?

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Collisions are bound to occur in hashing, so it's important to minimize them using collision resolution techniques. 2 major techniques are - - Separate Chaining  - Open Addressing

Hashing Techniques

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Here, each slot of the hash table points to a linked list of records that have the same hash value. It's used when we don't know exact number of keys to be inserted or deleted.

1. Separate Chaining

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1. Simple to implement. 2. We can add any number of elements to the chain when needed.  3. It's not very dependent on the hash function or the load factor.

Advantages of Separate Chaining

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1. Use extra memory space and can lead to wasted space. 2. In the worst-case scenario, the search time can be O(n) if all keys belong to a single bucket.

Disadvantages of Separate Chaining

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In Open Addressing, all records are stored in the hash table itself, and the size of the table must be greater than or equal to the total number of keys available.

2. Open Addressing

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1. Linear Probing- In Linear Probing, we look for the next free slot in the hash table linearly. This can lead to clustering, reducing efficiency.

Techniques for Open Addressing

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2. Quadratic Probing- In Quadratic Probing, we look for the next available slot in a quadratic sequence. This technique reduces clustering, leading to better performance.

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3. Double Hashing- We apply a second hash function on key whenever a collision occurs. Also provides better performance.

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