A set of mechanisms and structures that control how data is saved and retrieved from storage media. Windows supports a variety of file systems, but NTFS is the most popular.
Database management systems (DBMS) are software systems that allow users to store, retrieve, and query data in a Database. Popular ones are MySQL, Oracle, etc.
File systems organize and maintain files on storage devices and manage data storage and retrieval, while DBMS allow you to access, create, and manage databases.
Data storage and retrieval are difficult with a file system, but can be done efficiently with DBMS because of numerous database storage and retrieval techniques.
Data inconsistency is higher in the file system because the same data can occur at multiple places with different values, whereas data inconsistency is lower in DBMS.